Financial statement analysis is the action of looking over a company’s financial statements to become better informed for making important decisions. By looking at past financial statements, some believe you can project a company’s future performance. The main documents you’ll hear about in financial statement analysis are the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.
Three common methods of analyzing financial statements include horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, and ratio analysis.
Horizontal analysis looks at the company’s finances over time, while vertical analysis looks at different departments within the company as a percentage of the total balance sheet. Ratio analysis calculates statistical ratios between groups of data, which can be helpful for more drilled-down, specific analysis.
Who does financial statement analysis? Investors and shareholders and people who did something very bad in a former life, because this is so often so dull. Who else? Well, management within the company. And competitors. (It's a big disadvantage for many companies to be public, to have to file their finances publicly...so competitors snarf all kinds of data, smell weakness, and prey upon the weak via this kind of analysis.)
Pretty much anyone looking to make money on the business analyzes these things comprising 10Qs, 10Ks, annual reports, 8Ks, and a bunch of other long-haired filings.
Related or Semi-related Video
Finance: What is a Bubble?5 Views
Finance allah shmoop what is ah bubble All right well
this is a bubble See what happened there got bigger
and bigger and bigger And then it popped and here's
the stock market from about nineteen Ninety two until about
two thousand It got bigger and bigger and bigger And
then it popped And yet was a bubble not just
a big fat bull market It was a crazy ludicrous
tulip mania Kind of time like start ups with almost
no revenues trading and billions of dollars Yep And tulip
mania That was a really thing One tulip sold for
forty grand go figure wasn't like if you ate it
you lived forever So yeah it was a bubble So
what caused the ninety nine bubble Well greed and it
wasn't good At least for some The internet had come
along It was a new thing consumers by the millions
could download in the privacy of their homes Art films
Yeah That's what we'll call them art films by the
terabyte money was flowing from silicon valley investors into startups
at record pace hoping to take advantage of this new
amazing internet thing and the valuations of companies got higher
And higher and higher Nasdaq went up some four hundred
percent in just half a dozen years and the blessed
cos traded at one hundred times trailing revenue not earnings
but revenue So if you think about the idea that
if you invest a dollar and you want to get
more than that back and that dollar comes from profits
of companies than one hundred times revenues cos we're probably
something like five hundred times earnings or more So for
one hundred dollars oven investment you've got like a dollar
of revenues in twenty cents of potential earnings Like maybe
a a decade later maybe yeah that's a bubble and
it burst At least you don't have that danger with
actual tulips or bitcoins Yeah they take bitcoins when you
buy tulips Would be kind of a good marriage there
Up Next
What is the difference between income statements for manufacturing, service, and retail? Income statements differ between industries simply because...
What is a Consolidated Income Statement? Consolidated income statements (or any financial statements) are just the statements of all businesses wit...
What is a registration statement? A registration statement is the set of documents that accompany a filing of securities with the SEC for sale in t...