You have to pay taxes on capital gains. Meaning that, if you make money in the stock market, you owe some part of that to the government. It may seem simple to figure out what constitutes a gain and what doesn't. But the process can become complicated...especially if you're operating in a more complex financial situation. A phantom gain is one of these situations.
You've heard of tax loopholes? Typically, they mean you have found some clever way to keep from paying taxes. A phantom gain is a tax loophole in the government's favor. You end up paying taxes on gains that you don't actually receive.
When giving examples of a phantom gain, mutual funds come up a lot. When you cash out of a fund, the fund has to raise money to send you your check. It does this by selling some of its holdings. If those stocks are sold at a gain, taxes are owed on the proceeds.
Meanwhile, the fact that you are cashing out of the fund can cause the value of the fund to dip. So stocks are being sold at a profit (with all the tax implications that comes with it) while the fund itself loses ground. Phantom gains.
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Finance: What's the Difference Between F...145 Views
Finance, a la Shmoop. [title page] What's the difference between federal
and state taxes? All right, well, when the U.S. came together a quarter of a
millennium ago, it was the United States. See, right there in the title you get a [founding fathers pictured]
sense of the tension. We started out as just states. These things. Then, we came together [individual states on map]
and created a central government that kind of sort of had control over each of [government tries to control states]
the states, and well, you can imagine that not everyone agreed about every rule.
Some states wanted murder to be an offense punishable by death, while other [protesters picket]
states wanted it to be, you know, legal. Well, okay maybe not legal, but they
had different ideas about how you should deal with murderers... i.e., not all of them [person pushed into lion pit]
should be thrown into the lion pit. Anyway, this was all well and good when it just
involved local laws and customs. Local customs dictated local laws, and then
local taxes could be allocated accordingly. So they could pay for things [local laws and taxes diagram]
like a bouncy house for the mayor. But what happened when there was a threat of [mayor in bounce house]
military invasion? Well, what if Georgia wanted to fight
them commies, but North Carolina didn't? Yeah, that didn't work out so well. So [states argue over military]
for some things, there has to be a federal law that supersedes state law
and federal taxes that support those laws, like military spending. If only those [federal laws and taxes diagram]
pacifists in Maryland didn't want to spend money on guns, well, then what would
the rest of the country do? Yep, let Maryland start speaking Russian or [Maryland hippies hang out]
Chinese as the preferred language while the rest of the nation just watched [Maryland conquered]
while sipping their tea? Or in the United States' case, you know, eating doughnuts? Yeah. [Americans eat doughnuts]
So, military spending protects the entire country, and those expenses come out of [military budget chart]
federal taxes. National highways? Federal. Border Patrol? Federal. Space travel? [federal and local laws/taxes demonstrated]
Federal. Schools? State. Libraries? State. Little country roads? State... local.
You know... Or even smaller in the form of county
taxes as we get littler and littler... yeah. So federal taxes pay for all the big
stuff--the things that we share as unified Americans no matter what state
we live in, while state taxes pay for stuff particular interest to our little
local state, wherever it is. You know, like DC taxes aren't going to be used to
build a fire department in Minnesota. Stuff like that. [fire department in Minnesota]
Besides, Washington has their, you know, own fires to put out. [newscaster speaks]
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