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AP Physics 2 Videos 59 videos

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AP Physics 2: 1.4 Object Interaction and Forces 5 Views


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AP Physics 2: 1.4 Object Interaction and Forces. What is the approximate value of nickel-62's binding energy per nucleon?

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Transcript

00:04

Here's your shmoop du jour brought to you by prizefights [Men in boxing ring]

00:07

which create a real dilemma for us because while we hate fighting but we

00:10

love prizes so if we need to we'll punch a box of Cracker Jacks or just get that [Girl punches box of cracker jacks]

00:15

price and don't you think we want our heavyweight prizefight for most stable

00:20

nucleus has been highly contested with nickel 62 and iron 56 duking it out as

00:27

the top two contenders while it's true that iron 56 has the lowest mass per [Iron 56 and nickel 62 in a boxing ring]

00:31

nucleon nickel 62 with the highest value of binding energy per nucleon of any

00:37

nuclei has ultimately been declared the winner well given that the mass of a

00:42

nucleus is 61 point 9 13 you what is the approximate value of nickel 62 s binding

00:49

energy per nucleon and more essential answers....

00:55

alright well we know that particles with like charges repel each other but in an [Particles with positive charge]

01:00

atom's nucleus there are protons which all have a positive charge and neutrons

01:05

well which don't have any charge why are they all together it's because of the

01:08

strong force that's what binds nucleons and allows all the different elements in

01:13

the universe to form without the strong force there would only be hydrogen atoms [Hydrogen atoms at a bar]

01:18

which would make the universe pretty boring in order to hold the particles

01:21

together the strong force converts some of the mass of the nucleons into energy

01:26

well this means that the actual mass of the nucleus is less than the total mass

01:31

of the nucleons the difference between the expected mass and the real mass is

01:36

called the mass defect enough that we're saying nuclear defective it's nothing [Atoms appear angry on side street]

01:40

personal Einstein gave us the equation to calculate how much energy is created

01:44

by this loss of mass and yet it's the most famous equation in the world e

01:49

equals MC squared it means that energy equals mass times the speed of light

01:53

squared so it doesn't take much mass to create a whole lot of energy to answer [Dynamite explodes on road]

01:59

this question first we need to figure out how much mass is missing well nickel

02:03

has an atomic number of 28 meaning there are 28 protons in [Nickel electron shells appear]

02:08

each proton has a mass of 1.00 732 atomic mass units well since this

02:14

isotope has a mass number of 62 we can find the number of neutrons by

02:19

subtracting the protons from the mass number well neutrons are just a little [Neutron appears]

02:23

bit chubbier than their proton cousins they have a mass of 1.00 867 you /

02:29

neutron so they add up to 34.295 you got it all right when we add the

02:34

protons and neutrons we find an expected mass of 62.5 you to find the mass defect

02:41

we just subtract the actual mass from the expected mask that now we can

02:46

convert the mass to energy one atomic mass unit equals 931 mega electron volts [Atomic mass unit appears]

02:53

we multiply the mass defect by 931 math to find a binding energy of 540 9.29 med

03:01

alright well now let's take a look back at the question because by now we've [Man looking through paper]

03:04

pretty much forgotten why we're doing all this oh yeah we need to find the

03:08

binding energy per nucleon well there are 62 nucleons so we divide the binding

03:12

energy by that number the binding energy per nucleon is about 8.9 mega electron [Binding energy equation appears]

03:17

volts so the correct answer is B the strong force only acts on a very tiny

03:22

scale that it's the strongest force in the universe which makes sense as we saw

03:26

here a tiny amount of mass creates a large amount of energy and the strong

03:30

force is able to completely overcome the electromagnetic force that pushes the

03:34

protons away from each other and remember that violence is never the [Man trying to open snack pack]

03:38

answer unless our snack won't open then we might just lose it

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